| Peer-Reviewed

Cranial Ultrasonographic Application in Preterm Baby as a Predictive for White Matter Insult

Received: 10 November 2013     Published: 30 December 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Cranial Ultrasound is the most available and easily repeatable technique for imaging the neonatal brain. The quality and diagnostic accuracy depend on various factors; the suitability of the Ultrasound machine for neonatal cranial work, the use of optimal settings and probes, appropriate scanning protocols, the use of a variety of acoustic windows and last but not the least the scanning experience of the examiner. Knowledge of normal anatomy and the echogenicities of different tissues in normal and pathological situations as well as familiarity with the physiological and pathological processes likely to be encountered are vital. This paper assesses the value and appropriate use, safety and diagnostic accuracy of Ultrasound in evaluating the brain of the preterm born infants. This study group consisted of 308 preterm neonates, the gestational ages at birth ranged from 26 weeks to 34 weeks, and the birth weights ranged from 650 grams to 2250 grams, underwent cranial ultrasound in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 31 premature neonates were found to have PVL. Type of delivery, presence of perinatal asphyxia, gestation age and birth weight, were statistically insignificantly associated with PVL. Chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis and mechanical ventilation > 72 hours were the statistically significantly factors associated with PVL injury.

Published in International Journal of Medical Imaging (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12
Page(s) 45-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cranial Ultrasound, White Matter, Doppler, Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)

References
[1] Elia F. Maalouf, Philip J. Duggon, Serena J. Counsell and Denis Azzopard. Comparison of finding on cranial ultrasound and MRI. Pediatrics April 2001, vol. 107 No. 4, 719:727
[2] Botting N, Powls A, Cookie RN. Cognitive and educational outcome of VLBW children. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1998, 40: 652 – 660
[3] Sumio Fukuda, Takenori Kato, Mohamed Hamed Hussein, Satoshi Suzuki. Hemodynamics of the cerebral arteries of infants with PVL. Pediatrics Jan. 2006, vol. 117 No. 1, 1:8
[4] Olsen P, Paakko E, Vainionpaa I, Pyhtinen J, Jarvelin MR. Magnetic resonance imaging of periventricular leukomalacia and its clinical correlation in children. Ann Neurol. 1997; 41:754 – 761
[5] Fedrizzi E, Inverno M, Bruzzone MG, Boucon G, Saletti V, Farinotti M. MRI features of cerebral lesions and cognitive functions in preterm spastic diplegic children. Pediatr Neurol. 1996; 15:207 – 212
[6] Inage YW, Itoh M, Takashima S: Correlation between cerebrovascular maturity and periventricular leukomalacia. Pediatr Neurol. 2000; 22: 204 – 208
[7] Wharton KN, Pinar H, Stonestreet BS, et al. Severe umbilical cord inflammation: a predictor of periventricular leukomalacia in very low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 2004; 77:77 – 87
[8] Goepfert AR, Andrews WW, Carlo W, et al. Umbilical cord plasma interleukin – 6 concentrations in preterm infants and risk of neonatal morbidity. Am. J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191:1375 – 1381
[9] Tsuji M, Saul JP, du Plessis A, et al. Cerebral intravascular oxygenation correlates with mean arterial pressure in critically ill premature infants. Pediatrics 2000; 106:625 – 632
[10] Yanowitz TD, Baker RW, Roberts JM, Brozanski BS. Low blood pressure among very – low – birth – weight infants with fetal vessel inflammation. J Perinatal 2004; 24:299 – 304
[11] Nayara Argollo, Ines Lessa, Suely Ribeiro. Cranial Doppler RI measurement in preterm newborn with cerebral white matter lesion. Jornal de pediatria 2006, vol. 82, No. 3, 221:226
[12] Resale P, Dean A. Periventricular leucomalacia, inflammation and white matter lesions within the developing nervous system. Neuropathology 2002; 22:106 – 32
[13] Pyrds O. Low neonatal cerebral oxygen in associated with brain injury in preterm infants. Acta paediatr 1994; 1233
[14] Francis G. Blankenberg, Nyu – Nyu Loh, Alexander M. Norbash. Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation after H9E in ELBW detection with power and pulsed wave Doppler U/S. Radiology 1997, 205:563 – 568
[15] De Assis MC, Machado HR. ecografia transfontanela com fluxo a cores em recem – nascidos prematuros. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2204; 62:68 – 74
[16] Pourcelot L. Diagnostic ultrasound for vascular disease. In:Donald I, Levi S, editors. Present and future in diagnostic ultrasound, Rotterdan: Kooker; 1976:141
[17] Doyle LW, Beheras FR, Ford GW, Davis NM, Callanan C. Survival, cranial ultrasound and cerebral plasy in very low birth weight infants: 1980s versus 1990. J. Paediatr Child Health 2000; 36:7 – 12
[18] Bada HS, Hajjar W, Chua C. Noninvasive diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia and intraventricular hemorrhage by Doppler ultrasound. J. Pediatr 1979; 95:775-779
[19] Correa F, Enríquez G, Rosselló J, Lucaya J, Piqueras J, Aso C, et al. Posterior fontanelle sonography: an acoustic window into the neonatal brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:1274-82.
[20] Limperopoulos C, Benson CB, Bassan H, et al. Cerebellar haemorrhage in the preterm infant: ultrasonographic findings and risk factors. Pediatrics 2005;116:717-24.
[21] Messerschmidt A, Brugger PC, Bolthauser E, Zoder G, Sterniste W, Bimbacher R, Prayer D. Disruption of cerebellar development: potential complication of extreme prematurity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1659-67.
[22] Rademaker KJ, Groenendaal F, Jansen GH, Eken P, de Vries LS. Unilateral haemorrhagic parenchymal lesions in the preterm infant: shape, site and prognosis. Acta Paediatr 1994;83(6):602-8.
[23] Di Salvo DN. A new view of the neonatal brain: clinical utility of supplemental neurologic US imaging windows. Radiographics 2001;21:943-55.
[24] Luna JA, Goldstein RB. Sonographic visualization of neonatal posterior fossa abnormalities through the posterolateral fontanelle. Am J Roentgenol 2000;174(2):561-7.
[25] De Vries LS, Eken P, Beek E, Groenendaal F, Meiners LC. The posterior fontanelle: a neglected acoustic window. Neuropediatrics 1996;27:101-4.
[26] Leijser LM, de Vriesls, Cowan FM, Manzur AY. Cranial ultrasound in metabolic disorders presenting in neonatal period: characteristic feature and comparison with MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradial 2007, 28:1223 – 31
[27] Volpe JJ. Cerebral white matter injury of the premature infant-more common than you think. Pediatrics 2003, 112:176 – 80
[28] De Vries LS, van Haastert IL, Rademaker KJ, Koopman C, Groenendaal F. Ultrasound abnormalities preceding cerebral palsy in high-risk preterm infants. J Pediatr 2004; 144:815-20.
[29] Perlman JM, Rollins N. Surveillance protocol for the detection of intracranial abnormalities in premature neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154(8):822-6.
[30] Winberg P, Dahlstrom A, Lundell B. Reproducibility of intracranial Doppler flow velocimetry. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986;329 (Suppl):S134-S139.
[31] Pourcelot L, Santini JJ, Saliba E, Billard C, Gold F, Laugier J. Mesure non invasive du flux sanguin cérébral chez le nouveau-né hydrocéphale. Neurochirurgie 1985;31:07-13.
[32] Archer LNJ, Levene MI, Evans DH. Cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonography for prediction of outcome after perinatal asphyxia. Lancet 1986;15:1116-1117.
[33] Leijser LM, de Vries LS, Cowan FM. Using cerebral ultrasound effectively in the newborn infant. Early Hum Dev. 2006; 82(12): 827-35.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Hazem Eid, Ashraf Anas Zytoon, Hakam Yaseen. (2013). Cranial Ultrasonographic Application in Preterm Baby as a Predictive for White Matter Insult. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 1(3), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Hazem Eid; Ashraf Anas Zytoon; Hakam Yaseen. Cranial Ultrasonographic Application in Preterm Baby as a Predictive for White Matter Insult. Int. J. Med. Imaging 2013, 1(3), 45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Hazem Eid, Ashraf Anas Zytoon, Hakam Yaseen. Cranial Ultrasonographic Application in Preterm Baby as a Predictive for White Matter Insult. Int J Med Imaging. 2013;1(3):45-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12,
      author = {Hazem Eid and Ashraf Anas Zytoon and Hakam Yaseen},
      title = {Cranial Ultrasonographic Application in Preterm Baby as a Predictive for White Matter Insult},
      journal = {International Journal of Medical Imaging},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {45-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmi.20130103.12},
      abstract = {Cranial Ultrasound is the most available and easily repeatable technique for imaging the neonatal brain. The quality and diagnostic accuracy depend on various factors; the suitability of the Ultrasound machine for neonatal cranial work, the use of optimal settings and probes, appropriate scanning protocols, the use of a variety of acoustic windows and last but not the least the scanning experience of the examiner. Knowledge of normal anatomy and the echogenicities of different tissues in normal and pathological situations as well as familiarity with the physiological and pathological processes likely to be encountered are vital. This paper assesses the value and appropriate use, safety and diagnostic accuracy of Ultrasound in evaluating the brain of the preterm born infants. This study group consisted of 308 preterm neonates, the gestational ages at birth ranged from 26 weeks to 34 weeks, and the birth weights ranged from 650 grams to 2250 grams, underwent cranial ultrasound in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 31 premature neonates were found to have PVL. Type of delivery, presence of perinatal asphyxia, gestation age and birth weight, were statistically insignificantly associated with PVL. Chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis and mechanical ventilation > 72 hours were the statistically significantly factors associated with PVL injury.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Cranial Ultrasonographic Application in Preterm Baby as a Predictive for White Matter Insult
    AU  - Hazem Eid
    AU  - Ashraf Anas Zytoon
    AU  - Hakam Yaseen
    Y1  - 2013/12/30
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12
    T2  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
    JF  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
    JO  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-832X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.12
    AB  - Cranial Ultrasound is the most available and easily repeatable technique for imaging the neonatal brain. The quality and diagnostic accuracy depend on various factors; the suitability of the Ultrasound machine for neonatal cranial work, the use of optimal settings and probes, appropriate scanning protocols, the use of a variety of acoustic windows and last but not the least the scanning experience of the examiner. Knowledge of normal anatomy and the echogenicities of different tissues in normal and pathological situations as well as familiarity with the physiological and pathological processes likely to be encountered are vital. This paper assesses the value and appropriate use, safety and diagnostic accuracy of Ultrasound in evaluating the brain of the preterm born infants. This study group consisted of 308 preterm neonates, the gestational ages at birth ranged from 26 weeks to 34 weeks, and the birth weights ranged from 650 grams to 2250 grams, underwent cranial ultrasound in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 31 premature neonates were found to have PVL. Type of delivery, presence of perinatal asphyxia, gestation age and birth weight, were statistically insignificantly associated with PVL. Chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis and mechanical ventilation > 72 hours were the statistically significantly factors associated with PVL injury.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt

  • Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt

  • Pediatric and Neonatal Department, University Hospital Sharjah (UHS), UAE

  • Sections