Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Mohammad Motiur Rahman; Mohammad Salehin Abedin; Abdur Rab Akanda; Mohammad Mojibur Rahman; Mohammad Ripon Sikder; Marzuk Ahamed; Sohel Rana Sumon

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

Research Article |

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Mohammad Motiur Rahman, Mohammad Salehin Abedin, Abdur Rab Akanda, Mohammad Mojibur Rahman, Mohammad Ripon Sikder, Marzuk Ahamed, Sohel Rana Sumon

Published in International Journal of Medical Imaging (Volume 12, Issue 2)

Received: 2 November 2023 Accepted: 7 December 2023 Published: 24 May 2024

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Abstract

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NLFD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that exceeds 5% of hepatocytes, along with the development of progressive steatosis and related conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can display a diverse range of histological presentations, including simple accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a prevalence of 25%, impacting around 1 billion people globally. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology and imaging in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases by CT scan, aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases were enrolled in this study. According to age distribution, the maximum 113 (54.49%) patients were above 52 years and minimum 3 (1.58%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 38 (20.10%) (43-52) years, 25 (13.22%), (33-42) years and 10 (5.29%) (22-32) years. The maximum 105 (55%) were male and 84 (45%) were female. The majority 132 (70%) were from urban area and 57 (30%) were from rural area. The majority 82 (43.38%) were involved in indoor job and followed by 50 (26.45%) outdoor job, 28 (14.81%) business, 20 (10.58%) not applicable and 9(4.76%) others. The BMI of the male patients was observed 132 (33.6 ± 9.5) kg/m² and the BMI of the female was 57 (35.5 ± 8.7) kg/m² (p=0.157). The maximum of the patients 70 (89.94% had Diabetes mellitus (DM) and followed by 66 (87.83%) Hypertension (HTN), 9 (4.76%) Cirrhosis, 8 (4.23%) Hyperlipidemia and 45 (23.80%) had Thyroid. The patients were suffering from abdominal pain, Nausea-34 (17.98%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 27 (14.28%), Follow Up-36 (19.04%), U. Abdominal pain-56 (29.62%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-31 (16.40%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-5 (2.64%). Conclusion: This study investigated, the majority of the NLFD patients (54.49%) were >52 years. The maximum patients were male. The majority of the patients (70%) were from urban area. The maximum patients were involved in indoor jobs. 89.94% patients had diabetes (DM). The majority of the patients suffered from U, Abdominal pain, 56 (29.62%). The difference of BMI between male and female was not observed statistically significant but both male and female patients suffered from obesity.

Published in	International Journal of Medical Imaging (Volume 12, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
Page(s)	62-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Demographic, Clinical, Characteristics, Non-Alcoholic, Fatty, Liver, Disease

References

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[2]	Koch LK, Yeh MM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): diagnosis, pitfalls, and staging. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2018; 37: 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.09.009
[3]	Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 10(11): 686–690. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nrgastro.2013.171
[4]	Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 5: 16. https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2019.09.08
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[8]	Alhowaish AK. Economic costs of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med. 2013; 20(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.108174
[9]	Fauci AS, B E, Kasper DL, et al., editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17. McGraw-Hill: Companies Inc.; 2008. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; pp. 1982–83. [Google Scholar]
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[14]	Al-hamoudi W, El-Sabbah M, Ali S, et al. Epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of Saudi patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a hospital-based study. Ann Saudi Med. 2012; 32(3): 288–292. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2012.288

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Rahman, M. M., Abedin, M. S., Akanda, A. R., Rahman, M. M., Sikder, M. R., et al. (2024). Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 12(2), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

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ACS Style

Rahman, M. M.; Abedin, M. S.; Akanda, A. R.; Rahman, M. M.; Sikder, M. R., et al. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int. J. Med. Imaging 2024, 12(2), 62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

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AMA Style

Rahman MM, Abedin MS, Akanda AR, Rahman MM, Sikder MR, et al. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Med Imaging. 2024;12(2):62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17,
  author = {Mohammad Motiur Rahman and Mohammad Salehin Abedin and Abdur Rab Akanda and Mohammad Mojibur Rahman and Mohammad Ripon Sikder and Marzuk Ahamed and Sohel Rana Sumon},
  title = {Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
},
  journal = {International Journal of Medical Imaging},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {62-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmi.20241202.17},
  abstract = {Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NLFD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that exceeds 5% of hepatocytes, along with the development of progressive steatosis and related conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can display a diverse range of histological presentations, including simple accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a prevalence of 25%, impacting around 1 billion people globally. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology and imaging in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases by CT scan, aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases were enrolled in this study. According to age distribution, the maximum 113 (54.49%) patients were above 52 years and minimum 3 (1.58%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 38 (20.10%) (43-52) years, 25 (13.22%), (33-42) years and 10 (5.29%) (22-32) years. The maximum 105 (55%) were male and 84 (45%) were female. The majority 132 (70%) were from urban area and 57 (30%) were from rural area. The majority 82 (43.38%) were involved in indoor job and followed by 50 (26.45%) outdoor job, 28 (14.81%) business, 20 (10.58%) not applicable and 9(4.76%) others. The BMI of the male patients was observed 132 (33.6 ± 9.5) kg/m2 and the BMI of the female was 57 (35.5 ± 8.7) kg/m2 (p=0.157). The maximum of the patients 70 (89.94% had Diabetes mellitus (DM) and followed by 66 (87.83%) Hypertension (HTN), 9 (4.76%) Cirrhosis, 8 (4.23%) Hyperlipidemia and 45 (23.80%) had Thyroid. The patients were suffering from abdominal pain, Nausea-34 (17.98%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 27 (14.28%), Follow Up-36 (19.04%), U. Abdominal pain-56 (29.62%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-31 (16.40%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-5 (2.64%). Conclusion: This study investigated, the majority of the NLFD patients (54.49%) were >52 years. The maximum patients were male. The majority of the patients (70%) were from urban area. The maximum patients were involved in indoor jobs. 89.94% patients had diabetes (DM). The majority of the patients suffered from U, Abdominal pain, 56 (29.62%). The difference of BMI between male and female was not observed statistically significant but both male and female patients suffered from obesity.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

AU  - Mohammad Motiur Rahman
AU  - Mohammad Salehin Abedin
AU  - Abdur Rab Akanda
AU  - Mohammad Mojibur Rahman
AU  - Mohammad Ripon Sikder
AU  - Marzuk Ahamed
AU  - Sohel Rana Sumon
Y1  - 2024/05/24
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
T2  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JF  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JO  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
SP  - 62
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-832X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
AB  - Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NLFD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that exceeds 5% of hepatocytes, along with the development of progressive steatosis and related conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can display a diverse range of histological presentations, including simple accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a prevalence of 25%, impacting around 1 billion people globally. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology and imaging in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases by CT scan, aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases were enrolled in this study. According to age distribution, the maximum 113 (54.49%) patients were above 52 years and minimum 3 (1.58%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 38 (20.10%) (43-52) years, 25 (13.22%), (33-42) years and 10 (5.29%) (22-32) years. The maximum 105 (55%) were male and 84 (45%) were female. The majority 132 (70%) were from urban area and 57 (30%) were from rural area. The majority 82 (43.38%) were involved in indoor job and followed by 50 (26.45%) outdoor job, 28 (14.81%) business, 20 (10.58%) not applicable and 9(4.76%) others. The BMI of the male patients was observed 132 (33.6 ± 9.5) kg/m2 and the BMI of the female was 57 (35.5 ± 8.7) kg/m2 (p=0.157). The maximum of the patients 70 (89.94% had Diabetes mellitus (DM) and followed by 66 (87.83%) Hypertension (HTN), 9 (4.76%) Cirrhosis, 8 (4.23%) Hyperlipidemia and 45 (23.80%) had Thyroid. The patients were suffering from abdominal pain, Nausea-34 (17.98%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 27 (14.28%), Follow Up-36 (19.04%), U. Abdominal pain-56 (29.62%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-31 (16.40%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-5 (2.64%). Conclusion: This study investigated, the majority of the NLFD patients (54.49%) were >52 years. The maximum patients were male. The majority of the patients (70%) were from urban area. The maximum patients were involved in indoor jobs. 89.94% patients had diabetes (DM). The majority of the patients suffered from U, Abdominal pain, 56 (29.62%). The difference of BMI between male and female was not observed statistically significant but both male and female patients suffered from obesity.

VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohammad Motiur Rahman

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Contact Email
Mohammad Salehin Abedin

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abdur Rab Akanda

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Mojibur Rahman

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Ripon Sikder

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Marzuk Ahamed

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Sohel Rana Sumon

Department of Public Health and Life Science, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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APA Style

Rahman, M. M., Abedin, M. S., Akanda, A. R., Rahman, M. M., Sikder, M. R., et al. (2024). Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 12(2), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

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ACS Style

Rahman, M. M.; Abedin, M. S.; Akanda, A. R.; Rahman, M. M.; Sikder, M. R., et al. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int. J. Med. Imaging 2024, 12(2), 62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

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AMA Style

Rahman MM, Abedin MS, Akanda AR, Rahman MM, Sikder MR, et al. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Med Imaging. 2024;12(2):62-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17,
  author = {Mohammad Motiur Rahman and Mohammad Salehin Abedin and Abdur Rab Akanda and Mohammad Mojibur Rahman and Mohammad Ripon Sikder and Marzuk Ahamed and Sohel Rana Sumon},
  title = {Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
},
  journal = {International Journal of Medical Imaging},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {62-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmi.20241202.17},
  abstract = {Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NLFD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that exceeds 5% of hepatocytes, along with the development of progressive steatosis and related conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can display a diverse range of histological presentations, including simple accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a prevalence of 25%, impacting around 1 billion people globally. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology and imaging in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases by CT scan, aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases were enrolled in this study. According to age distribution, the maximum 113 (54.49%) patients were above 52 years and minimum 3 (1.58%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 38 (20.10%) (43-52) years, 25 (13.22%), (33-42) years and 10 (5.29%) (22-32) years. The maximum 105 (55%) were male and 84 (45%) were female. The majority 132 (70%) were from urban area and 57 (30%) were from rural area. The majority 82 (43.38%) were involved in indoor job and followed by 50 (26.45%) outdoor job, 28 (14.81%) business, 20 (10.58%) not applicable and 9(4.76%) others. The BMI of the male patients was observed 132 (33.6 ± 9.5) kg/m2 and the BMI of the female was 57 (35.5 ± 8.7) kg/m2 (p=0.157). The maximum of the patients 70 (89.94% had Diabetes mellitus (DM) and followed by 66 (87.83%) Hypertension (HTN), 9 (4.76%) Cirrhosis, 8 (4.23%) Hyperlipidemia and 45 (23.80%) had Thyroid. The patients were suffering from abdominal pain, Nausea-34 (17.98%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 27 (14.28%), Follow Up-36 (19.04%), U. Abdominal pain-56 (29.62%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-31 (16.40%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-5 (2.64%). Conclusion: This study investigated, the majority of the NLFD patients (54.49%) were >52 years. The maximum patients were male. The majority of the patients (70%) were from urban area. The maximum patients were involved in indoor jobs. 89.94% patients had diabetes (DM). The majority of the patients suffered from U, Abdominal pain, 56 (29.62%). The difference of BMI between male and female was not observed statistically significant but both male and female patients suffered from obesity.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

AU  - Mohammad Motiur Rahman
AU  - Mohammad Salehin Abedin
AU  - Abdur Rab Akanda
AU  - Mohammad Mojibur Rahman
AU  - Mohammad Ripon Sikder
AU  - Marzuk Ahamed
AU  - Sohel Rana Sumon
Y1  - 2024/05/24
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
T2  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JF  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JO  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
SP  - 62
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-832X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20241202.17
AB  - Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NLFD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that exceeds 5% of hepatocytes, along with the development of progressive steatosis and related conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can display a diverse range of histological presentations, including simple accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a prevalence of 25%, impacting around 1 billion people globally. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology and imaging in IbnSina Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases by CT scan, aged above 18 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: A total of 189 confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver cases were enrolled in this study. According to age distribution, the maximum 113 (54.49%) patients were above 52 years and minimum 3 (1.58%) were between (18-22) years, and followed by 38 (20.10%) (43-52) years, 25 (13.22%), (33-42) years and 10 (5.29%) (22-32) years. The maximum 105 (55%) were male and 84 (45%) were female. The majority 132 (70%) were from urban area and 57 (30%) were from rural area. The majority 82 (43.38%) were involved in indoor job and followed by 50 (26.45%) outdoor job, 28 (14.81%) business, 20 (10.58%) not applicable and 9(4.76%) others. The BMI of the male patients was observed 132 (33.6 ± 9.5) kg/m2 and the BMI of the female was 57 (35.5 ± 8.7) kg/m2 (p=0.157). The maximum of the patients 70 (89.94% had Diabetes mellitus (DM) and followed by 66 (87.83%) Hypertension (HTN), 9 (4.76%) Cirrhosis, 8 (4.23%) Hyperlipidemia and 45 (23.80%) had Thyroid. The patients were suffering from abdominal pain, Nausea-34 (17.98%) Abdominal pain, Vomiting- 27 (14.28%), Follow Up-36 (19.04%), U. Abdominal pain-56 (29.62%) U. Abdominal pain, Jaundice-31 (16.40%) and U. Abdominal pain, Nausea-5 (2.64%). Conclusion: This study investigated, the majority of the NLFD patients (54.49%) were >52 years. The maximum patients were male. The majority of the patients (70%) were from urban area. The maximum patients were involved in indoor jobs. 89.94% patients had diabetes (DM). The majority of the patients suffered from U, Abdominal pain, 56 (29.62%). The difference of BMI between male and female was not observed statistically significant but both male and female patients suffered from obesity.

VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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